Demure culture refers to individuals being of a quiet, modest, unassuming, reserved nature. It preaches that individuals should be serious or sober (moderate, self-controlled) and even shy. Brat summer culture refers to individuals being unapologetic hedonistic, outgoing, “messy”. It preaches that individuals should be fun, hot yet trashy and extroverted.

Climate grabbing refers to the legal appropriation of land, usually in developing countries by developed countries and MNCs in an attempt to offset or mitigate the consequences of climate change.

The China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA) is the Chinese government agency responsible for managing the country’s foreign aid and international development cooperation. Its projects are often loan-based and linked to China's broader infrastructure and trade strategy, e.g. the Belt and Road Initiative. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the U.S. government agency responsible for administering foreign aid, humanitarian assistance, and development programs worldwide. Its model is grant-based where aids are granted without requirement of financial repayment; however, it emphasizes the promotion of democracy, human rights, and governance from the recipients.

Absurdism is the belief that the search for meaning or value in life is futile and that individuals should accept its inherent lack of purpose.